The Prohibition Of Performance Enhancing Drugs - 1257 Words

Continue the Prohibition of Performance Enhancing Drugs Sporting competitions either nationally or internationally have regulations to prohibit or inhibit the use of performance enhancing drugs (PED’s). There been a case for the lifting of these regulations to create sporting fair across all types of people. Craig Fry, an advocate for the use of performance enhancing drugs in elite sporting competitions and author of â€Å"Bring Truth into Play by Saying Yes to Drugs in Sport†, is an Australian health social sciences researcher with training in psychology, public health, and applied ethics. Fry testifies that the positives that would result in supervised PED use in elite competitions would create a more fair and balanced playing field. However Craig Fry’s claim is invalid, not only are there a multitude of health risks continually being discovered, the use of performance enhancing drugs would diminish the spirit of sporting and create international-legal catastrophes with differentiation in the creation of new drug su bstances. One reason performance enhancing drugs are prohibited is because of the health risks that are a potential outcome of injections that are not medically supervised. Craig Fry asserts the idea of the existence of enabling techniques that provide a safe form of injection for those wishing to use PED’s, implying that these safer-alternative forms would inherently prevent any potential health risks. However a scientific statement by Harrison Pope, Ruth Wood, andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Blood Doping On Professional Sports1265 Words   |  6 Pagesdetection, it could be argued that the prohibition of sports enhancing drugs in the professional sports mirror the prohibition of alcohol, making for unsafe, unsanitary and black market drug erupt. Instead of prohibition, could the professional sports community limitations in order to better allocate their money? There are great incentives to use blood doping techniques with little by way of repercussions. Blood doping is a process intended to boost athlete’s performance by increasing the body’s abilityRead MorePro Doping in Sports Debate825 Words   |  4 Pageseach of us ought to be free to assume risks that we think are worth taking, shouldnt athletes have the same freedom as anyone else? In particular, if athletes prefer the gains in performance allegedly provided by the use of steroids, along with the increased risk of harm to the alternative of less risk and worse performance, what gives anyone the right to interfere with their choice? After all, if we should not forbid smokers from risking their health by smoking, why should we prohibit track starsRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MoreSay No to Doping!1042 Words   |  4 Pagesfailed the drug test (Cashmore) . Ellis Cashmore, a professor of culture, media, and sports at Staffordshire University in the United Kingdom, through his article, â€Å"Making Sense of Sports† , came up with an argument that drug should be allowed in sports. In the article, he effectively countered the argument of some people out there that taking drug will lead to the unfair competition. As we are from the generation who are never bored of seeking the best in human ability, the usage of drug is crucialRead MoreEthical Dilemmas1304 Words   |  6 Pagesthe players are using a new performance enhancing drug. Paul’s teammates are always reminding him that it is not a banned substance, and the coach has turned a blind eye to the whole issue. Paul told me that his coach is making some changes, and he may lose his starting position. He is starting to think about actually taking this drug so he does not lose his spot. The dilemma is that Paul could just take the drug, and get to keep his position as a starter. Since the drug is not listed as banned,Read MoreThe Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Today1583 Words   |  6 Pages Performance enhancers are very prominent in professional sports today. A lot of players are facing suspensions and other penalties for using them. The sport that gets scrutinized the most for this is Baseball. Many former users in the MLB (or formally the NABBP) have come out saying that they were using these drugs while playing. Some of these players are Jorge Sosa, Antonio Bastardo, and the famous Alex Rodriguez. Although these drugs have been prohibited, players are still finding ways aroundRead MoreSteroids in Major League Baseball800 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Major League Baseball Anabolic steroids have been abused by Major League Baseball players for years, it’s time to forever ban the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs before they ruin America’s past time. Why should athletes be able to cheat when teammates or rivals are competing with honest effort? Every year records are broken and new heights are achieved, the game of baseball is very simple yet very humble, and to deceive the game you love, forever will you be punished. Let me informRead MoreSteroids : The Corruption Of Baseball1287 Words   |  6 Pagesoriented mindsets to who could offensively â€Å"out-slug† one another. Steroids have changed the game of baseball due to the fact that it makes you stronger and the players that use it can hit the ball a lot further than others. Steroids are performance enhancing drugs most commonly used by athletes or bodybuilders so that they can gain more muscle quickly and easily to have an advantage on their opponents. It gives them a huge advantage over the rest of the players that don t take it because the wallsRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MoreThe Argument for Peds2220 Words   |  9 Pagesas performance-enhancing drugs (Performance-enhancing drugs) to achieve maximum strength and speed. The use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs in sports has been obvious to many spectators and sports enthusiasts for quite some time now, and athletes who have been found guilty of taking performance-enhancing drugs have received critical response from the public. Fans of all ages have been looking up to their favorite athletes only to be let down by the athletes’ use of illegal performance-enhancing

Elderly Driving - 2635 Words

Dangers of Elderly Citizens Driving Suddenly a sharp pain emerges in the ribs of a young student; but it is not only him that has been injured, but the majority of his class, a broken rib being the most minute injury. Teachers and other pedestrians concerned while a couple gets the license plate of the car that just plowed through a crowd of children. But on the other end; there is the driver of the car, who did not see that the light was ever red, who was on auto-pilot and still has not recognized what had happened. The driver is almost a mile away when the driver comes to the realization I just ran through a crowd of people. Yet the memory is so vague that the driver believes that it is only a day dream; the thought is dismissed,†¦show more content†¦Most elderly citizens feel that this being implemented would end their driving privileges due to unpreventable diseases. Not only with this system help reduce the amount of fatal crashes, but it would also encourage people to take better care of them selves in order to live a longer, healthier, and more prosperous life. This is not a proven fact that it could cause this but it is a definite positive side affect that could be a possibility. Some things that could be done to put off losing privileges due to disease include: not smoking, achieving a higher level of education, not risking brain damage such as head injuries early in life, and one thing that you could not prevent unless well known is possibly that aluminum is another cause. By doing the small things listed above a person could lengthen the term in which to keep a drivers license. Not only that but it does indeed promote a healthier lifestyle. There are groups dedicated strictly to the rights of elderly citizens. One of which the most fought topic is an elderly persons freedom to drive. In the growing country and cities we should be able to have a means of transportation to support all of our citizens. What most elderly citizens do not under stand or do not want to cope with is the fact that at a certain age it will be impossible for them to drive. It is almost the same as if a doctor was to tell a woman that she could not have children. What it doesShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Elderly Driving890 Words   |  4 Pagesdrivers. Unfortunately, as people age what goes along with age is some of the reactions and common sense, also as a person who has been disabled can have poor driving skills and can be a threat to themselves as well as the others around them. The problem of elderly driving should be considered a community problem because of the large amount of elderly people in the area of Northern Orange County. When used incorrectly a car can become a weapon and when put into the hands of someone who is not in the rightRead MoreElderly Driving Has Become An Epidemic1184 Words   |  5 Pagesdrivers; aggressive, passive, new, experienced, and elderly to name a few. The elderly comprise of more than 40 million people ag e 65 and older in the United States and of those 40 million, 34 million are licensed drivers (NHTSA). Elderly driving has become an alarming subject throughout many communities in the United States as it concerns the safety and health of themselves as well as other drivers. One article shares, as 80-year-old Daniel was driving to the grocery store one day, he ran over a curbRead More Seniors Driving Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesSeniors Driving   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Courtney Caldwell, a writer for Road and Travel Magazine, stated in one of her articles that, â€Å"My mother, insisted her driving skills were as sharp as ever. However, after a few life-threatening trips to the grocery store as her passenger, I knew she had to stop driving. She was driving dangerously close to the curb, her reaction time was poor and she was missing stop signs and traffic lights. Her driving was so bad that I forbade my 32-year-old adult daughter to ever rideRead More Driving Restrictions Essay971 Words   |  4 Pages Driving Restrictions There are many accidents everyday that are costing people their lives. My young brothers and most definitely my grandparents would probably kill me for saying so, but there should be some changes made to the laws concerning the age requirements of drivers. If the State of Ohio changed the age requirement of operating a vehicle to between 18-70 years of age, our roads would be much safer to drive on. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;If you had told me when I turned sixteen thatRead MoreClassification: Drivers1439 Words   |  6 Pageswhite knuckle look, holding on dear life Over cautious- most elderly people drive extremely cautiously Cars- usually drive older styled boats Second classification/division: Speed Demons Can’t Keep Up- choose not to pay attention to the speed limit what so ever Reckless-stay out of their way because they don’t stop for anything Cars-most drivers like this have cars that can handle their driving preferences Third classification/division: Oblivious Distracted Drivers Read MoreEssay about Teen Driving643 Words   |  3 Pagesrestricting teen driving on the books for more than a year. Because of the numerous deaths, many people are pushing for a legislative bill that would limit teens driving privileges. This proposed bill is expected to easily clear the Senate, and its chances in the House of Representatives are high. If it passes, then it will be effective to all those teens born after January 1, 1983. This new law will allow teens more practice time before driving alone. The bill will give teens more driving experienceRead MoreWhat Does Aging Doesn t Affect Driving Ability? Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough many people believe that aging doesn’t affect driving ability, it does. Research demonstrates that there are many alternatives and solutions to keep people and the roads safe. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that, â€Å"while drivers age 60 and older are less likely that other drivers to be involved in collisions related to alcohol, speed, and nighttime driving, drivers age 70-79 have higher proportions of at-fault crashes† (Earley). Accidents involving older driversRead MoreRoad Rage: Causes and Solutions Essay1419 Words   |   6 Pageswhether youre involved directly or indirectly. Instead of getting angry because of things that are beyond the other drivers control, for example, their age, their driving ability, or the lack of general traffic knowledge. Patience is the key toward control. First, we need to control our own emotions at the wheel. Second, practice better driving habits ourselves. And finally, remember not to take what happens on the road personally. I strongly believe the reason for road rage in our country is ourRead MoreHow Autonomy Should Be Fully Operate Themselves With No Possibility Of Human Intervention?1084 Words   |  5 Pagesthemselves, but should they have this level of control? Should we have some level of control over these systems? I think the driverless discussion like many should meet in the middle just like the old Diamond Rio song. Autonomy should benefit the elderly, the disabled, and needy to provide levels of transportation, they otherwise wouldn’t have. Autonomy can take over on a crowded commute home after a long day of work. It can relieve the driver when they need it, but people should always know how toRead MoreElderly and Road Exam1071 Words   |  5 Pagescashing more than ever because they will not give up their car keys when they need to say it is time to give up driving. We should defiantly propose that we take care of this issue by making them retake the exam. So many elderly are gettin g into wrecks and some are even driving on the wrong side of the road killing people. By proposing that we need to force the elderly to retake that driving exam every six months is to insure that they will be able to drive more safely on our public roads still today

A Discussion of Environmental Changes Affect Organisations Free Essays

There are two types of the term environment, internal and external; both of them can be changed. Recently the global environments are changing and will keep changing, either the internal or the external. As the very famous butterfly effect theory, a small change at one place in a complex system can have large effects elsewhere. We will write a custom essay sample on A Discussion of Environmental Changes Affect Organisations or any similar topic only for you Order Now A tiny environmental change can badly affect a organisation itself. This essay is going to discuss the influence of the environmental changes effect the organisations in both sides, positive and negative. The most important factor to an organisation is the market; it is like the blood for a corporation. In the current situation, globalisation acts the main role of business. Which means any organisation has the opportunities to meet the global market? Therefore the marketing division in each organisation has to consider the global environment can change the market share percentage. For instance, the natural environment getting more and more polluted, and consumers choose products more carefully. So the quality of products also have to be more carefully monitored, otherwise customers will choose the products from the competitors and the corporation loses the market. Another example is the global economy. It is well known that the finance crisis in 2008 affect most entities all over the world. The ex-market might never need the products or could cut down the needs. Or those ex-markets do not exist any more. So the external environment can definitely change the market. Other the other hand, external changing environment could bring new market. Any new changes can create new wants and needs, thus the new creation can be found for cater to the needs and wants of customers. Secondly, the changing environment affect the resourcing include the natural resources and human resources. It is undeniable that the resource on earth is getting less and less, and most of them are non-renewable. Since children, we were told that the last drop of water will be human being’s tear. With the decreasing of the natural resources, the organisations will have to adjust itself to get with it. After finish the oil resources, how many oil based organisations can survive, like the car corporations? However, with the new inventions, there are more and more new power resources can be used. For instance solar, wind power, wave energy and nuclear. So the car industries can produce and sell cars using new energy. Changing from whether internal or external environment can make a lot differences on human resource. Talk about the human recourses, the new generation is called Generation Y, who have highly educated. Which means more and more talents from the entire world could get and work together. So more and more diversity and multi-culture can display in today’s organisations. Take Australia for an example, people in different age, gender, background, personality, educational level and so on can just perfect amalgamated. However, the diversity can also cause misconstrue, conflict or discrimination. Another important thing has to be mentioned is culture diversity. As we all know, the current society has became social diversification. Take Australia for example, more than 100 nationalities and cultures can be found in this continent. People who from different culture background can mostly examine the matter from different angles. Also, the changes of environment affect the managing, different environment requires different styles of management. In modern society, most multinational organisations need to consider that what kind of leadership is the best way to leader the local teams. To gain the highest profit, a good leader who can lead the team and motivate staff is highly necessary. A good manager can adjust his methods to cater to different requirement. For example, a good newly transfer manager could get into the local culture quite soon and respect it. And the changing environment can affect the decision making. Good management could never include personal moods or emotions, same as changes in working conditions. How to cite A Discussion of Environmental Changes Affect Organisations, Essay examples

Quality in Health System-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Define quality in Health Care and Explain the key elements of total Quality Management and Continuous Quality Improvement in the Health Care Context. 2.Patient Safety is Considered to be the Cornerstone of High-Quality Health Care. What is meant by the two terms Safety in Healthcare and Patient Safety? 3.In 2012 the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare implemented National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards. 4.How does clinical governance differ from clinical leadership in the Context of Quality and safety in health care Provision? 5.What is the role of Clinical Leaders when ensuring Quality Improvement in the Clinical settings? Answers: 1.Quality in Health system with TQM and CQI elements The term Quality means the degree/ grade of excellence. According to Institute of- Medicine, health care quality is defined as the grade/ degree to which the health-related services that are rendered to persons and communities maximizes the chance of getting desired health-related outcomes as well as consistent with prevailing health care professional knowledge (AHRQ, 2012). Quality in health organization involves practicing health care interventions appropriately based on the pre-established procedural standards, with an objective of satisfying the patients as well as maximizing health outcomes without creating health- related risks and/or unnecessary expenditure. The elements of quality include providing safe, effective, patient- centered, timely, efficient and equitable care (AHRQ, 2017). There are various approaches of quality management in which total quality management (TQM) that is called as continuous quality improvement (CQI) in a health system, indulges itself in analyzing the health- related issues, planning corrective actions, implementing these actions in needed areas and evaluating the effectiveness of these action (NCCHC, 2017). TQM helps to constantly improve the work performance at all the levels of system in each and every departmental (functional) area of a health organization utilizing man, money and material resources. AIHW (2017) has stated that Australia peaks high internationally in quality improvement and remains as one of the top performer in OECD countries. CQI aims to minimize the capital and waste of poorer quality-care. The elements of TQM and CQI are as follows: a). the customer/patients focus, whose health-needs are paramount in quality determination. Customer satisfaction, analyzing ownership with services by customer/patient opinion surveys, minimizing errors, avoiding reasons for dissatisfaction, maintaining societal relationships, following business ethics, maintaining safe environment, sharing quality- standards in organization are needed (McLaughlin, 2012). b). Strategic planning with leadership to promote customers expectations, newer diagnostic techniques, advanced developments, evolving customer-care system and societal expectations. c). Continuous improvement with learning: regular planning, implementation and evolution. d). Empowerment with team-work. e) Improving process management. f). Team-building and group-integration tools. g) Quality Assurance and Control. 2.Client safety maintenance of safe healthcare The entire health system revolves around the patients by keeping them as their cornerstone. All the health professionals and organizations work for the welfare of the patients and hence they should be the core of quality performance. Their safety represents the quality of health organization and the safety of health organization also means the same. Safety is one of the quality dimensions which involve preventing harm to the clients that could be either temporary or permanent (Douglas, 2012). The health organizations should provide a safe environment to the patients by keeping them free from injuries due to accidents or preventable traumas that occurs in health organization (AHRQ, 2012). Safety means protecting the clients from harm/ injuries and Quality means maintaining appropriateness and effectiveness and hence safety and quality in health systems means People + Systems i.e. providing appropriate and effective care to clients without causing harm. TheAustralian- National health performance committeehas stated about maintaining safety in health organization by linking it with preventing and/or reducing harm that actually or potentially occurs in an organization or in an internal (hospital) environment to an acceptable limit. It was estimated that nearly 12% of the adverse events occurs every year in Australia in which 50% of them are avoidable and at-least 1 in 300 has chance of getting injury as compared to only 1 in 1 million aircraft traveller. Nearly 0.04% (1,782) Australian patients encounter death or serious harm and 0.149% of patients encounter temporary or less harm every year. They commonly encounter harm due to drug error, patient falls, and hospital acquired infection and suicide. Approximately 500,000 Australians become sick due to hospital admissions and turn back for further treatment (Dunlevy, 2013). Hence, maintaining safety in an organization is crucial to protect patients from harm and thereby to improve quali ty. 3.NSQHS standards- Quality In 2012, Australia- Commission on safety with quality in health care has proposed NSQHS standards to assist health organizations to render safe as well as high quality- care (Fig: 1). These standards were framed after an elaborate public, healthcare professionals and stakeholder collaboration. Protecting people from harm and improving quality of the health- services provided were the two aims of these standards. They form the basis for the accreditation process as it helps in determining how and with what a health- organizations performance will be evaluated. The health-service organizations can compare these standards with its performances and can use in internal quality-assurance and/or in external- accreditation process (NSQHS, 2012). Figure: 1 shows NSQHS standards of Australia (NSQHS, 2012) The NSQHS standards are explained as: 1). Adequate governance to maintain reliability in health care setting which portrays quality framework of a health setting to provide safer treatment. 2). Proper partnering with consumers/patients that encompasses strategic plans to create a patient-centered health system by including patients/consumers in developing and designing quality- care. 3). Prevention and control of hospital associated infections by evidence based strategies (Duguid, 2011). 4). Drug safety which includes strategic plans to ensure whether the clinicians are competent to safely prescribe, dispense or administer medicines to the consumers. 5). Consumer identification along with appropriate procedure- matching that comprises the strategic plans to clearly identify and appropriately match the consumers with appropriate managing strategies. 6). Clinical handing over which includes the strategic plans to maintain adequate clinical-related communication while handing over the p atients to other professionals. 7). Blood with blood products which encompasses the strategic plans to improve safe, effective as well as appropriate transfusion of blood and its products. 8). Prevention treatment of pressure sores which includes strategic plans to prevent the development of pressure sores and also to manage pressure sores by applying evidence based practices 9). Adequate recognition with response to critical conditions in the emergency department 10) Prevention of patient falls and harm which comprises the strategic plans to reduce incidence of patient fall (NSQHS, 2012). 4.Clinical governance and leadership Clinical governance and leadership are the integral components of modern health care system. Both minimizes the chances of medical errors and hence contributes to quality health care delivery. The health care organizers as top- level managerial members, Doctors and Nursing staffs implements clinical governance to share health responsibility and clinical accountability in enhancing quality in health care with constant effort on promoting health, minimizing harm and fostering a environment of excellence in consumer care. On the other hand, clinical leadership flows from leaders (head of department) to low- level management. The clinicians form the core of clinical leadership who is responsible for making baseline decisions about quality- care (Daly, 2014). Clinical governance system sets, monitors as well as promotes the performance of organization and also communicates the importance of patient/consumers experience along with importance of quality to the employees of organization. Cli nicians and other members of workplace use the governance systems whereas the clinical leadership system implements the quality goals that are set by the clinical governance system and also monitors for the achievement of these goals. They act as a bridge between the employees and the clinical governance system and act as communicators, directors, trainers and teachers of quality improvement process. Clinical governance involves appropriate frame-work with processes to promote quality improvement constantly in an organization by involving clinical leaders and staffs whereas in regard to clinical leadership, clinical leaders should influence other staffs and direct them based on the organizations vision and objectives. The clinical governance is responsible for improving productivity, placing orders and controlling the health-organization to achieve quality goals and the clinical leaders are responsible for establishing a common purpose with direction and develop interpersonal relationship with employees to achieve organizations objectives by acting as role models (Fealy, 2011). For quality improvement, efficient clinical governance develops and implements health practices which could reduce errors while clinical leadership involves in health-system performance, maintaining integrity in health system and achieving objectives (MacPhee, 2013). 5.Clinical leaders in Quality Improvement The clinical leaders form the key persons in the quality improvement of a health-care process. The presence or absence of efficient clinical leaders in a health setting may create a stark consequence on the health outcomes and quality. Delivering health care services safely with compassionate and quality depends on the efficiency of the clinical leaders who are at the front-line. The Garling Report has suggested that the Nurse Unit managers should be trained to be efficient clinical leaders by reviewing and re-designing their positions. As per Francis report (2013), all the ward managers should be capable of being efficient clinical leaders in health setting (Daly, 2014). Therefore, the clinical leaders should strive to enhance health- care performances and improve quality in health care by collaborating with clinicians and consumers in this reform process (McNamara, 2011). Clinical leaders role is not predefined but emerges from hospital setting after gaining expertise and their method of developing and facilitating sound interrelationships with health team. The clinical leaders should be efficient in promoting innovations with changes through quality improvement which could be achieved by understanding, influencing, and motivating persons by establishing effective interpersonal relationship so as to exchange and learn practice from others (McNamara, 2011). They should make the health team to understand about organizational process which could in-turn enable quality-based changes. The physician leaders must bring the physician perspective, implement initiatives and communicates importance of quality to others and the nursing leaders must bring nursing perspective, practice to their full extent, gain higher degrees, full collaborators with clinicians and other health professionals and should make effective work-force planning with policy- developing to improve quality in health setting (IOM, 2011, AHRQ, 2017). The clinical leaders should make creative and innovative changes in health care, be efficient communicator in consumer- staff environment, be courageous to handle situations, solve quality issues and provide consumer-based care to promote quality. References AHRQ. (2012). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: U.S. Department of Health Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/quality-resources/tools/chtoolbx/understand/index.html AHRQ. (2017). Leadership Role in Improving Safety: U.S. Department of Health Human Services. Retrieved from https://psnet.ahrq.gov/primers/primer/32/organizational-leadership-and-its-role-in-improving-safetyAIHW. (2017). Safety and quality of health care: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare- Australian Government. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/safety-and-quality-of-health-care/Daly, J et al. (2014). The importance of clinical leadership in the hospital setting: Journal of Healthcare Leadership. 6: 75-83. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S46161 Douglas, C. (2012). Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing- Australian version. Missouri: Elsevier Duguid, M Cruickshank, M. (2011). Antimicrobial Stewardship in Australian Hospitals. Sydney: ACSHQC Dunlevy, S. (2013). Why are hospitals are making us sick?: News Corp Australia Network. Retrieved from https://www.news.com.au/national/why-are-hospitals-are-making-us-sick/news-story/372d84c34ba6f9c2a06718990217062b Fealy, G et al. (2011). Barriers to clinical leadership development: findings from a national survey:J Clin Nurs. 20:20232032. Francis, R. (2013). Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust Public Inquiry-Executive Summary. London, UK: The Stationary Office. Retrieved from https://www.midstaffspublicinquiry.com/sites/default/files/report/Executive%20summary.pdf IOM-Institute of Medicine, (2011). Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing:The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. MacPhee, M et al. (2013). Global health care leadership development: trends to consider:J Healthcare Leadership: 2129. McLaughlin, C.P. (2012). Implementing Continuous Quality Improvement in Health Care: A Global Casebook. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett learning McNamara, M et al. (2011). Boundary matters: clinical leadership and the distinctive disciplinary contribution of nursing to multidisciplinary care:J Clin Nurs. 20 (2324):35023512. NCCHC. (2017). Continuous quality improvement: National Commission on correctional Health care. https://www.ncchc.org/spotlight-on-the-standards-24-1 NSQHS. (2012). National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards: Australians Commission on Safety Quality in health-care. Retrieved from https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/NSQHS-Standards-Sept-2012.pdf

bicentennial man essays

bicentennial man essays In ESL we were given a task by the teacher, to write about a movie called bicentennial man. I learnt about the meaning of life, how robots work and the emotions. Bicentennial man is a robot called Andrew who is played by the actor Robin Williams. He slowly becomes human over 200 years, and is an independent android and wants freedom he also wanted to find out about a life of a human being. With the help of little miss age seven Andrew begins to discover what it truly means to be a human being. And with the help of the scientist Andrew transforms himself into a living, breathing, eating and yes, farting, human being. Andrew was bought by Martins family as a home helper. Every family had their own robot, but Andrew was a different to other robots. He has human character that allows him to think independently and experience human feelings and emotions. His mission was to understand the nature of humanity which leads him to look for the freedom to live independently. He was programmed to perform basic tasks but who displays uncharacteristically human emotion curiosity and creativity. Miss sees him as an uninteresting simple appliance, common in the homes of her friends. Little Miss thinks he's a bit scary. She, of course, has nothing to fear as the first law of robotics states, "A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction cause a human being to come to harm." Through the years, then decades, Andrew achieves a degree of renown for creating and selling his exceptional works, all the time watching as the family he has become so much a part of grows up ... and grows old. It makes Andrew more aware of how different he is, and in his uniqueness, how alone he is. ...

Free Essays on The Wrong Heroes

Vegeta or Rooney? Society today is full of children looking for a hero. It’s a sad day when those heroes are cartoons and action figures. The media always try to find the latest and dirtiest scoops about our football, baseball, basketball and even tennis players. Children hear these scoops everywhere. From TV, newspapers and the Internet sportsmen are portrayed as bad people. Society needs heroes if it wants its children to look up to someone worthy. Rather than Buzz Lightyear and G.I. Joe, the children could be looking up to Michael Jordan and John Elway. If the media stopped sticking their nose in everyone’s business, we would have more heroes to look up to. Children should look up to sports figures despite their crimes. Parents are constantly ranting on about how Brett Favre can catch a ball. Children should be able to look up to those people without disappointment. No one is perfect. So, why must media show the world that Emmit Smith stole something or got caught doing drugs? It is the sports player prerogative what they wish to do. For the children’s sake the media should stop making everyone look bad. Children look up to parents. So, why would the media not find out everything about them and put it on TV? Let’s take away more heroes! The media already fool us enough. Maybe, they will think about making us fools in a better way. The media should use our naive ness to make people look heroic. Instead, they trash any hope we or our children have in finding someone worthy of heroism. Most television viewers are children; mainly cartoon and sports. Kids remember cartoon characters better than sport’s figures. Yes, the pikachu fights better and has special powers. If TV got sport’s figures to appear more interesting and worthy of heroism, they would be more likely to look up to them. Instead, children run around punching and pushing eachother. Because they would rather be Vegeta from Dragon... Free Essays on The Wrong Heroes Free Essays on The Wrong Heroes Vegeta or Rooney? Society today is full of children looking for a hero. It’s a sad day when those heroes are cartoons and action figures. The media always try to find the latest and dirtiest scoops about our football, baseball, basketball and even tennis players. Children hear these scoops everywhere. From TV, newspapers and the Internet sportsmen are portrayed as bad people. Society needs heroes if it wants its children to look up to someone worthy. Rather than Buzz Lightyear and G.I. Joe, the children could be looking up to Michael Jordan and John Elway. If the media stopped sticking their nose in everyone’s business, we would have more heroes to look up to. Children should look up to sports figures despite their crimes. Parents are constantly ranting on about how Brett Favre can catch a ball. Children should be able to look up to those people without disappointment. No one is perfect. So, why must media show the world that Emmit Smith stole something or got caught doing drugs? It is the sports player prerogative what they wish to do. For the children’s sake the media should stop making everyone look bad. Children look up to parents. So, why would the media not find out everything about them and put it on TV? Let’s take away more heroes! The media already fool us enough. Maybe, they will think about making us fools in a better way. The media should use our naive ness to make people look heroic. Instead, they trash any hope we or our children have in finding someone worthy of heroism. Most television viewers are children; mainly cartoon and sports. Kids remember cartoon characters better than sport’s figures. Yes, the pikachu fights better and has special powers. If TV got sport’s figures to appear more interesting and worthy of heroism, they would be more likely to look up to them. Instead, children run around punching and pushing eachother. Because they would rather be Vegeta from Dragon...

The current financial crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The current financial crisis - Essay Example The banks had a liquidity issue in their hands making the given and receiving of loans very difficult as the fallout from the subprime lending bubble burst. (Magdoff and Bellamy). This paper discusses the subprime crisis of America in 2007 and the Asian financial crisis of 1997 - 1998, and explaining the possible causes of the crises. The subprime crisis happened in America in the year 2007 and involved a national banking emergency which resulted in the famous economic US economic recession of 2008 (Raymond). The American business community had involved itself extensively with mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO) due to the high returns from the high interest rates on mortgages. When lower credit quality was onset, however, there was a massive default with the disruptions in the flow of credit to both the businesses and the consumers. The result was a marked severe global recession. Several reasons were put up to explain the cause of the crisis but the fallout is generally considered to be from the sudden rise in the rates of subprime lending. According to Pierre (233), the rates of mortgages were originally low, about 8%. However, when the rates suddenly hiked to about 20% in the year 2006, it became apparently very high for the institutions offering these mortgage services. This hiked lending lead to a lowered standard of lending and a rise in higher-risk products from mortgages. Consequently, the US households became highly indebted with a sharp rise in the ratio of the amount that each of these households would dispose to the amount of debt in mortgages (Robert, 126). As was observed in mid-2006, it became very difficult for borrowers in the US to refinance their loans following a deep decline in the US home prices (James, 198). Mortgage felony was observed to rise following a reset of adjustable-mortgage rates to higher

The Harlem Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Harlem Renaissance - Essay Example The Renaissance is considered to have started in 1919 and existed until the mid or early 1930s.The influence of the Renaissance was felt on a scale larger than the United States as it is credited with having impacted on black writers from colonies in the Caribbean and Africa, that were French-speaking and living in Paris. The ideas and beliefs of the movement lived on for a long time after the movement ceased to exist. Majorities of African-Americans who were enslaved and lived in the agrarian south of the United States up to the end of the Civil War. After the civil war, the slaves were free to move and do as they pleased. The African-Americans started striving for political equality, participation in civic positions and self-determination in cultural and economic fields. Black congressional representatives made speeches that addressed the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 and reprimanded the bill. This necessitated the Civil Rights Act of 1875. However, Democrat whites had regained power in the south leaving the African-Americans without representation in the congress. This allowed them to draft and pass bills that disenfranchised many poor whites and most Negros establishing white supremacist regimes (Ushistory.org, 2013). There was denial of the African-American political and civil rights through terrorizing attacks from lynch mobs and vigilante groups. A convict labor system also forced thousands of African-Americans into unpaid labor on plantations and in mines was reminiscent of slavery. Only a small number purchased land after the civil war. The African-Americans started migrating to the industrially emerging north from the agrarian south that had become increasingly difficult. However, the reception in the north was not a walk in paradise. Northerners were prejudiced against the African-Americans though the legal systems in the states were not as imposing on their rights as the south. White laborers complained of the flooding of the employment market by the Afr ican-Americans and lowering of wages. The â€Å"Negroes† segregated in urban slums by practice (Rau 7). Among these slums was Harlem. The neighborhood was a design for white workers who needed to commute to the city. Nevertheless, the project was overambitious, as the transportation could not cater for the populace. The district abandoned by whites, was sold, and rented to black real estate agents and tenants. The push of blacks from the city’s metropolitan area saw them move to the neighborhood en masse. The brightest black intellectuals, entrepreneurs, and advocates positioned themselves in Harlem bringing institutions, businesses, and a wide range of talents and ambitions with them. The neighborhood became â€Å"the Black Mecca† (Herringshaw 26). A large number of African-Americans joined the neighborhood during the First World War. The activities of the war created a deficit and demand for industrial labor while ceasing the migration of laborers from Europea n countries. This caused the Great Migration of thousands of African –Americans in the city and into the neighborhood of Harlem. After the war, African-American soldiers from units like the Harlem Hellfighters returned to a nation with citizens who had no respect for their accomplishments due to the virulent White Racism (Ushistory.org, 2013). The Renaissance started developing in the late 1910s. The â€Å"Three Plays for a Negro Theatre†

Issues, Challenges and Strategies in Successful Implementation of an Essay

Issues, Challenges and Strategies in Successful Implementation of an HRIS Project - Essay Example This article presents a critical analysis of the need for HRIS, features required in HRIS, design & acquisition issues, cost benefits, implementation issues and acceptance issues. Gardner and Lepak et al. (2003) presented that the new role of HR professionals is more of "strategic partners to the business" whereby they are expected to understand the business objectives of the organization and align the HR practices with the business goals defined to fulfil the objectives. Hence the business objectives expand into the HR objectives & related goals that are essentially defined to enhance employee contribution by providing them essential guidance, resources & support and to manage essential transformations & changes required in maintaining the fundamental culture of the organization. The authors argue that IT systems act as the catalyst for human resources professionals in achieving HR goals. Enterprise Resource Planning systems integrate various functional (departmental) information systems across the company such that the information from all departments can be integrated and organized for unified MIS reporting to the senior management enabling them to take quick & effective decisions (Gupta & Kohli. 2006). Human Resources is one of the key departments of an organization and hence HRIS need to be an integral part of ERP. The key result areas for all employees are defined by their respective functional managers but closely monitored by the HR function by virtue of key performance indicators. Kaplan and Norton (1996) developed the balanced scorecard system that helps organizations to design & implement a performance measurement system in such a way that individual performance measures can be tangibly mapped with organizational performance. The author hereby argues that such an integrated framework requires the performance management system to be an integral part of the E RP such that performance appraisal cycles can be carried out by respective supervisors of the employees but human resources function can closely monitor the KPI metrics and map with other soft aspects of the individual in terms of punctuality, knowledge & skill enhancement, trainings, additional certifications achieved, etc. The integrated information of functional KPIs and soft aspects can help the HR function to assess the overall performance of the employees and identify employee development needs as well as take decisions on promotions, increments, rewards & recognitions. 3.0 Requirement Analysis for an

Uzbekistan Business Opportunities

Uzbekistan Business Opportunities Topic: Discuss the business environment of International business opportunities in the given country and its economic indicators. Explore and elaborate if there is any bilateral trade agreement with India. INTRODUCTION Country Name : THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN Republic of Uzbekistan is the largest country in the region and occupies a specific geographical and geopolitical position in Central Asia abundant with natural and human resources. Uzbekistan consists of 12 provinces and Autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. Independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Uzbekistan was proclaimed on August 31, 1991 in Tashkent. Geography Location: Central Asia, north of Afghanistan. Access to sea: Country is encircled by land. Note: border passes through Aral Sea (420 km. of seaside of Aral sea). Neighbours: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. Coordinates: 41 00 N, 64 00 E Area: total 447,400 sq. km.; land 425,400 sq. km.; water 22,000 sq. km. Currency Since July 1st, 1994 Soum the national currency has been introduced as a unique lawful payment mean on territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 1 Soum = 100 tiyn. Notes are in denominations of Soum 1000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 3 and 1. Coins are in denominations of 50, 20, 10, 5, 3 and 1 tiyn. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Basic Business Environment 1. Small and Private Business It is the most dynamically developing sector of the economy, and stimulated due to several state reforms effective from the end of 1998 with a view of supporting of small and private business. In particular: reduction of inspections by state bodies, unified tax for carrying out of small business, liberalization of a cash turnover and conditions of crediting of domestic and foreign financial institutions. In the earlier years of the independence the share of turnover of small and private businesses in the countrys GNP made approximately 1% in comparison to the year of 2002 the parameter was 35%. Small and private businesses contribute to the reduction of unemployment by job creation in the country. Foreign credits and attracted investments directed by the GOU for stimulation of small and private business are repaid in due time under the favorable tax conditions and the optimized mechanism of sales of output on export by the enterprises of small and private business. 2. Import Substitution The main purpose of import substitution, per se an instrument of currency exchange regulation, is to reduce unreasonable import of the goods similarly produced in the republic and direct the flow of released monetary resources for the development of a domestic production and an increase of the application of hi-tech. effective from 1996. The changes that were introduced in 1996 to the legislation that regulated the currency flow can be one of the examples of the simplification and flexibility of the currency exchange regulation. Besides, the currency fund derived form sales of automobiles, agricultural equipments, flour and sales of other several liquid goods on foreign markets has allowed to provide currency self-recoupment of enterprises using in manufacture of imported raw materials, materials and component. It is necessary to note that currency earnings of enterprises derived due to sales on export sufficiently directs to a profit markup and an enterprise development, workflow au tomation, labor stimulation and an improvement of a current infrastructure. 3. Economic Growth and Inflation One of the factors constraining the economic growth and the stability of any country is inflation. However, the GOU as a consequence of number economic reforms has achieved real decrease in inflation rate. According to the official statistical data, the inflation rate was more than 26.0% in 2001, but because of the favorable economic conditions, the datum has decreased by 6.8% in 2006. According to bases of economy, the growth of GDP also depends on the exchange rate used for converting national currency into a foreign currency. In this respect the GOU has created the steady mechanism of the free currency convertibility by means of several Currency funds and stock exchanges. The exchange rate is periodically fixed by the Central Bank of Uzbekistan, allowing free and independent convertibility of any currency of the world. The analysis of the trend of GDP shows stable growth and significant budget surplus of Uzbekistan. At the 4.0% GDP growth the budget deficit of the country was 0.8% of GDP in 2002. The liberal approach of the GOU to the development of sectors of economy resulted in achievement of GDP growth over 7.0% with the budget surplus by 0.5 % in 2006. The major factors of the economic growth have become the increase of the volume of industrial production and the agriculture by 10.8% and 6.2% respectively. According to statistical data, by the end of 2006 the average real wages in Uzbekistan accounted for UZS 185,000 or nearly USD 150, that 5 times exceeds the datum of 2001 and 2002. 4. Balance of Payments (BOP) As a result of implementing of number significant reforms by the GOU directed to liberalization of a national economy as a whole, the volume of currency reserves by the end of 2002 was increased by 167.9% and has made about USD 4.7 bn in comparison to those of past period. Due to the implemented protection policy of interests of domestic manufacturers, the import of the goods similarly produced in Uzbekistan was reduced by 38.0%. The export of goods correspondingly increased on average by 23.0%. Moreover, the share of cotton fiber decreased by 17% in the export volume of the country, the rest of the export accounts for machines and equipments, fruit-and-vegetable manufacturing and processing, construction materials, agricultural equipment, electro-technical products and others. The control system of the external debt of the country in 1999-2006 has been stable and less moderate. Furthermore, the external debt rate has been at the rate of 20.6% of GDP in 1999 towards 22.8% in 2006. The critical ratio was marked in 2003 when the parameter made about 40.0% of GDP. Hence, investments into any sector or region of the country today can be considered guaranteed to the development and repayment in time, due to constant growth of priority macroeconomic parameters. The main investors of the country have been such companies as Gazprom, Lukoil, Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Itochu, Nestle, Coca-Cola Bottles, Vimm-Bill-Dann, SIEMENS, ZEROMAX, MTS, Vimpelkom, BAT, Marubeni, Samsung, ABN Amro Bank, Kanebo Silk, KOC, IRANSADERAT and etc. 5. Currency Convertibility With a view of strengthening of currency balance of the country in Uzbekistan there were sometimes restrictions on converting of UZS into a foreign currency. Additionally, the Republic of Uzbekistan has joined to the Article VIII of the Agreement of the IMF in 2003 and these restrictions have been removed. Today, converting is regulated by specific decisions of the GOU and instructions of the CBU. The incomes of the foreign investor derived in Uzbekistan can be re-invested on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan or used by any different way at discretion of a foreign investor. Foreign investors are guaranteed for free transfer of cash resources in a foreign currency into Uzbekistan and from there without any restrictions under condition of tax payments and other mandatory payments in accordance with Uzbek legislation. 6. Priority Sectors of Economy Agriculture The main and leading sector of economy is the agriculture (about 40.0% of GDP). Basic manufacturing of the sector is cotton-fiber, wheat, and fruit-and-vegetable products. Favorable weather conditions have determined the corresponding regional distribution of the basic export-oriented products of the agricultural industry of the country. For example, vegetables, fruit, melons and gourds are raised basically in Namangan, Fargona, Andijon and Samarqand provinces, rice and other cereals in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Khorazm province, meet and dairy products and tanning materials mainly are produced in Bukhoro, Surkhondaryo and Qashqadaryo provinces, wine and other alcoholic products are produced in Tashkent, Andijon provinces and the Republic of Karakalpakstan, tobacco products are produced in Tashkent and Samarqand provinces.  · Light industry One of the priority directions in the development of an export policy of Uzbekistan is the development of light industry, basic exports are cotton yarn, silk and silk products, cotton severe fabrics, knitted cloth, garments, and etc. The sector is characterized not only by the opportunity of a quick return of investments, but also by cheap labor force, the availability of raw materials, and the developed infrastructure. It is also necessary to note that Uzbekistan is one of the largest manufacturer of cotton, silk, and astrakhan fur in the world. The country is on the fourth place in the world in volumes and quality of manufacture of cotton and the second place in volumes of cotton fiber export. There are more than 200 large enterprises and associations, a network of branches, the modeling centers of clothes and jersey, a design bureau, a network of firm trade, and etc in the Uzbek light industry. Due to re-equipment of manufacturing by modern equipments the Program of Quality Improvement and Increase in volumes of production, expansion of assortments, the organization engaged in processing of cotton fiber on the basis of attracting both local and foreign investments by creation of JVs is realized. The followings are the mainstreams of the development of the sector: Spinning manufacture updating of plants of not-spindle spinning on the basis of modern equipment; Weaving manufacture implementing of automatic winding machines, warp drawing-in machines, replacement of weaving looms by modern shuttleless weaving machine; Dyeing manufacture implementing of new equipments with the electronic control and regulation of processes.  · Heavy Industry Uzbekistan has rich spectrum of the natural resources, the developed mountain and oil-and-gas industries. The country is rich in inexhaustible natural resources, including oil, gas, uranium, gold, copper, aluminium, iron ores and others. Uzbekistan heavy industry is represented by the developed and complex spheres of aircraft construction, motor industry, a network of the enterprises producing agricultural machines and equipment, cable conductor products, tools and parts for a railway transportation and etc. Uzbekistan is known also for reserves and extraction of precious and rare-earth metals gold, silver, uranium, and etc. In volumes of manufacture of gold the country is on the second place in the CIS, the eighth in the world and the fifth in per capita production. Quality of the Uzbek gold meets high world standards. The significant stocks of copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, lithium, not-metallurgical raw materials (kaolin, fluoric and feldspar, quartz sand, phosphorites, etc.) exist in the country. They serve for manufacture of mineral fertilizers, porcelain-faience products and other production, competitive in domestic and foreign markets. The country has strategic mineral resources of raw materials: oil and gas, ores of ferrous, nonferrous and precious metals. In addition, the total potential of mineral resources of the country is estimated to be USD 3.3 trln. From entrails of the country minerals for the sum of 95.5 bln are derived annually, thus, the annual growth of reserves makes about USD 6-7 bln. TRANSPORTATION NETWORK Development of transport communications between the states from ancient times was one of the basic ways for unification of nations, development of economy, mutual enrichment of cultures and, finally, made a significant impact on peaceful and harmonious development of mankind in its strides forward. The territory of present Uzbekistan lies at the heart of The Great Silk Road and precisely the shortest transport corridors from Europe to Asia passed through this route. Situated in the centre of the region, Uzbekistan is objectively said to play a vital role of geopolitical bridge in relations between the countries of the West and East. Utilization of Uzbekistans geographical location on crossroads between the West and East, and also the North and South of the Euro-Asian continent, opens an opportunity for many countries of the Euro-Asian continent to access the overland continuous and safe transport communication. Having the developed networks of railways and highways, a complex of the international airports, the airways which pass the territory of the country in latitudinal and longitudinal directions for international and, first of all, transit transportations, Uzbekistan possesses huge transport potential and is capable to utilize national transit resources for ensuring the Euro-Asian communications and meet the demands of the country in transportations of passengers and cargoes in all kinds of transport. In questions of attraction of transit cargoes, the international transport terminals and the centers of logistics should be given special emphasis. These centers should coordinate activity of various types of transports which are rather important in the conditions of the countries of the Central Asia with no access to the sea. Accordingly, the logistical centers should be established alongside the main transit corridors, and also on borders between the states of the region and, in effect, fulfill the functions of so-called dry ports. The International logistics center being projected now in Tashkent is unique in Central Asia and should serve as transshipment and transit-transfer base for all kinds of cargoes on regional transport corridors. Transport infrastructure Modernization and development of transport infrastructure, construction of new transport corridors are the important section of attraction of investments. All types of transport have been developed in the republic. Today the length of railways comprises 6,5 thousands km. Density of railway network in the republic is the highest in the Central Asia. Automobile transport plays significant role in shipment of cargoes and passengers. During years of reforms over 43,5 thd. km. of highways were constructed and put into operation, 97% of them have a hard covering. The Uzbekistan Railways existing network of railways and roads connects the most remote regions and uninhabited areas of the country to major centers, providing access to international transport systems and basic natural mineral and raw materials resources in the country. The country has prioritized its international system of transportation creating reliable short distance transport lines, providing access to the neighboring countries and the rest of the world. The railway line passing through Tedgen Serahs Meshhed, an integrated part of the Trans Asian line connecting Beijing and Istanbul is in operation. Since 2000 this line is to transport goods in both directions totaling 6-8 million tons and possibly doubling this capacity. Transportation along this corridor provides Uzbekistan with additional foreign trade relations with Eastern countries of the Asia-Pacific Ocean regions, West Turkey and some European countries. An import contribution towards the development to transportation in the country is the TRASECA Project implemented by the TACIS Program (European Community Technical Assistance for the CIS), which provides for the construction of the Trans-Caucases main line passing through the Central Asian countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Black Sea ports. In addition to building a new railway, Uzbekistan takes part in the project to construct a road connecting Andijan, Osh, Irkeshtam and Kashgar. This road will provide access to China and Pakistan. The road will continue through Bukhara, Seraks, Meshhed, Teheran, Termez, Heart, Kandagar and Karachi, providing access to the Indian Ocean. This corridor makes the distance to EEC countries 3 times shorter. The establishment and strengthening of these trans-continental main-lines provide favorable conditions for foreign economic relations for Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries. The expansion of transit passenger and cargo transportation connects Uzbekistan to Asian-Pasific Ocean region countries such as India and China and Near East countries such Turkey as well as Europe. These so-called â€Å"new routes† practically coincide with the routes of the Great Silk Road. These routes provide opportunities to develop regular tourist and cultural relations with numerous countries of the world as it did so long ago. At the countrys expense, 2 large strategically important main lines between Navoi, Uchkuduk, Sultanoizdag and Nukus were built totaling a length of 342 km. Another line was built connecting Guzar, Baysun, Kumkurgan with a total length of 233 km. These new projects will provide access to some of the richest natural mineral resources in the country, decrease transportation expenses inside the country and provide access to sea ports and international destinations. UZBEKISTAN AIRWAYS† NAC Uzbekistan Airways is the state airline of Uzbekistan, which provides aviation needs for the national economy. Uzbekistan Airways National Air Company (NAC) was founded on January 28, 1992 in accordance with a Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov. Today, the Uzbekistan Airways is the leading carrier in the Central Asian region. Uzbekistan Airways keeps a sound position on the international market and provides high quality competitive services. During the years of operation our company has been awarded the International fund for Aviation Safety Diploma and a Certificate from Airports International Association and Euromarket-2000. The scheduled flights fly to more than forty cities of the world including America, Europe, Middle East, Southeast, Central Asia and the CIS. Uzbekistan Airways continues to establish long-term and reliable business contacts, to increase the number of countries where its aircraft flies to and to improve its services. It makes the company one of the worlds dynamic airlines. Domestic Routes. In domestic TASHKENT is the hub of airlines. International Routes. Uzbekistan by Air. Flights to Uzbekistan. Airlines in Uzbekistan. Foreign Uzbek Airlines Uzbekiston Havo Yullary (Uzbekistan Airways) Aeroflot, Asiana Airlines, Domodedovo Airlines, Indian Airlines, Airlines of Kuban, Malaysia Airlines, Pulkovo Airlines, Samara Airlines, S7 Airlines, Transaero Airlines, Turkish Airlines LAW STATISTICS Dynamic of the main macroeconomics indicators of the Republic of Uzbekistan (in % to the previous year) 1. GDP Analysis During the years 2002-2004 the GDP has been increasing but in 2005-2006 the growth has decline. 2. INFLATION Analysis The inflation rate has been declining since 2001 to 2004 but there is a little increase in 2005, 7,8 which has not affected much the economy then in 2001. 3. STATE BUDGET (incomes, expenses, deficit, in % to GDP) Analysis Income and expense have a direct relationship. From 1998 state income and expense has been declining due to less proficiency, certain attention is required for improvement. Export structure of the Republic of Uzbekistan Analysis Cotton fibre is the main item of export as its export has been increasing over the years from 2002-2006. whereas items of foodstuff has also show an increment ,almost all the items have shown an increment which is good for the countrys economy, as it will bring more foreign exchange. Import structure of the Republic of Uzbekistan Analysis Import of machines equipments has been increased over the years whereas other items of import needs to be controlled. Trade turnover with a number of countries being the leading partners of the Republic of Uzbekistan Foreign countries Analysis Trade with Turkey, China and Iran has shown an increment from approximately 520-720 ,420-700, and 450-650 million US dollars , which is tremendous but trade with other countries such as Singapore and France needs to be improved. CIS countries Analysis Trade with Kazakhstan has shown a little improvement as compared to other countries as such Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Tajikistan. Trade with these countries needs to be improves for better flow of trade as well as maintaining good relation with neighbouring countries FOREIGN INVESTMENTS More than 20 billions US dollars of foreign investments have been attracted in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including 5 billions during the last 3 years. Uzbekistan is one of the developing economies with so many business prospects. As due to its stable govt policies which has made it possible. The volume of direct foreign investments into the economy of Uzbekistan has increased in 24% and made up more than 1.2 billions dollars in 2006. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN UZBEKISTAN Uzbekistans independence has been recognized by 160 states. On March 2, 1992 Uzbekistan became a full-fledged member of the United Nations. Also, the Republic is a member of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and several other prestigious international organizations. The Republic of Uzbekistan was one of the first Soviet Republics to declare independence, adopt its own Constitution, and introduce a presidency and democratic parliament. Five years ago no one could have predicted that Uzbekistan would become one of the most dynamic and progressive among all the former Soviet Republics. It has the best investment opportunities today. Uzbekistan is the only state, among, the post-Soviet countries that has increased its oil and gas production in recent years (indeed it has doubled oil production) to ensure its own energy self-sufficiency. In 1995, growth in the extraction of oil and gas condensate increased to 37.5%, and natural gas production grew by 2.9%. Another impressive result is that Uzbekistan has increased its self-sufficiency in grains; its output rose to over 3 million tons, and according to some estimates in 1996, the Republic may achieve 4.5 million tons of harvested grain. Real privatization in Uzbekistan has been dramatic, but has not been accompanied by economic disorder and social discontent as elsewhere. The private sector in the economy now produces 44 % of the industrial production and 97% of agricultural production. The non-state sector consumes 44% of total capital investments and employs 64% of the labor force. More than 250 representative offices of foreign companies and banks are in Uzbekistan. The United Nations, the World Bank, IMF, and many other international organizations have opened their headquarters in Tashkent. Over 2000 joint ventures are registered in the Republic. Foreign investments of over $3 billion have been made in Uzbekistan. Moreover, the Republic fulfills all of its obligations on foreign credit repayments without default and is generally regarded as an excellent credit risk-taker. Main reasons for Uzbekistans success The central reason is that, unlike leaders of the many other Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, the President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, has shown exceptional intuition and has created an extraordinary degree of domestic and foreign confidence in Uzbekistan. Consequently the realization of his strategy for transition to a free market economy, in which he has taken into account the peculiarities of the Republic and the experiences of other countries, showed that it was the right choice. He and his advisors have found a unique middle ground between painful shock therapy and backsliding into an economic decline. The five basic principles which have minimized the pain of transition and have already initiated dynamic growth, are: supremacy of economics over politics   the state as the major reformer and guarantor of economic transformation supremacy of law in all spheres of activities for both state and society powerful social policy consistent and stage-by-stage accomplishments economic reforms Thus, Uzbekistan has transformed from a society driven by ideology to a pragmatic country aimed at attracting businesses and incurring high levels of domestic and foreign investment. During the transition, the Uzbek Government has actually accelerated infrastructure development, in contrast to many other CIS countries. A second factor is that since the first steps of independence, an array of necessary laws and regulations have been adopted. In a remarkably short period of time, standard and legal frameworks have been created. During the past five years, laws and regulations in virtually all main areas of the formation of the market economy have been passed. These include laws On Foreign Economic Activity and On Foreign Investments and Guarantees of Foreign Investors Activity. These and other laws and standard regulations provide many privileges, benefits, and guarantees for foreign investors. For example: There are particular taxation privileges for profits reinvested in the broadening and modernization of production. The enterprises with 50% participation of foreign capital, and which produce consumer goods, are free from the obligatory sale of foreign currency to the Central Bank for up to 5 years from the date of their registration. The enterprises with 30% participation of foreign capital, and which specialize in the production of various agricultural, consumer, and industrial products (except the mining industry) are granted a two year grace period for profit taxation. The given grace period can be prolonged for up to 5 years for projects, which included into investment program of the Republic of Uzbekistan. For enterprises with 30% participation of foreign capital, the rate of the tax on income is reduced from 18% to 10%. A third reason for Uzbekistans achievements is the realization of an open door policy, which has been a top priority of general economic policy. Structural reorganization, overcoming the economys one-sided orientation toward raw-material production, and producing export-oriented and import-substituting products are the priorities in the external economic and investment policy. Priority areas for investment include the following: mining and metallurgical production and expansion of extraction and processing of non-ferrous and ferrous metals drilling, processing, and transportation of oil and gas advanced processing of cotton, agricultural raw materials and products, including fruit, vegetables and grain production development of transportation and telecommunications engine production, including automobile, aircraft and agricultural machinery manufacturing production of building materials development of the tourism industry environmental protection industries A fourth factor is that the priority in the economic reform has been given to the creation of the market infrastructure and the development of small businesses. In recent years, Uzbekistan has witnessed the creation of the Republican Stock-Exchange Center, regional stock market, and private stock and securities trading offer. Private business growth has also accelerated. In 1995, more than 4,000 joint stock companies were registered in Uzbekistan. Also, in 1995 and in the first quarter of 1996 more than 75,000 small enterprises were registered. BILATERAL TRADE AGRREMENT Uzbekistan has engaged in bilateral, economic cooperation and double taxation with many countries, including the United States, China, Korea, Great Britain, Russia, India and others. In order to reduce the cost of attracting foreign investments to Uzbekistan and diminish the risks of foreign investors, Uzbekistan joined the Washington Convention of 1964 and the Seoul Convention of 1964. In addition, the national insurance company, Uzbekinvest, was established to cover political and commercial risks. Uzbekinvest and the National Bank of External Economic Activity joined with the American Financial Group, AIG, Inc. to establish joint insurance companies to: * cover political risks (its headquarters is in London) and * cover commercial risks (its head office is in Tashkent). As a result, the UzDaewoo-Auto Project (with the South Korean conglomerate Daewoo), which amounts to $700 million, is one of the largest projects with direct foreign investment participation on a 50:50 basis. The assembly plant in the Andijan region came on-line in April 1996 and has a production capacity of 200,000 cars annually. Another large single investment of the CIS is the Zarafshan Newmont Gold Mining Project (over $229 million) with Denver-based Newmont Mining Corporation. Also Lonro company recently created a joint venture in Uzbekistan and has invested in a gold-mining branch worth $250 million. In addition, British American Tobacco has a tobacco joint venture with the State and plans to invest a total of $232 million. All of these companies came to Uzbekistan because they were convinced of the desirable business climate in Uzbekistan. During his recent visit to the United States and meeting in Denver with American businessmen, the President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, said that Uzbekistan has an excellent system of privileges and guarantees for foreign investors. With his decree on additional measures to encourage the creation of enterprises with foreign investments and their activity from June 1, 1996, foreign investment enterprises that produce export-oriented and import-substituted products received additional benefits, such as: *  · They shall be granted the right to receive a tax credit for the development of production; that is, they shall be granted a deferment for a period of up to two years for their profit tax, value added tax and land tax payments into the budget. *  · Enterprises with a share of foreign capital in the authorized capital of not less than 500,000 US dollars, shall be exempt from the payment of property tax. As additional proof the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has eighteen projects operating in Uzbekistan with a total value of $520 million. This is the second largest amount in the investment portfolio of the CIS, after Russia. Also, the World Bank chose Uzbekistan as its first investment in an agro-industry project in the CIS. In short, Uzbekistan stands clearly, as one of the most exciting emerging markets. It enjoys a popular, stable government, a highly skilled labor force, and virtually no violent crime. President Karimovs government is efficient, pragmatic, and pro-business. Thus, the foreign investors become interested in Uzbekistan, because: (a)  · Historically its territory was a cultural and economic center of a vast empire that stretched across Central Asia into India and Iran, and had a key post in the overland trade route between China and the West. As such, Uzbeks have an historical trading culture; (b)  · Large markets such as Chi

The Death Penalty Is Morally Unjustified Essay -- anti capital punishm

The earliest historical record of the death penalty otherwise known as capital punishment goes back as far as the eighteenth century B.C., when the code of King Hammurabi of Babylon listed 25 crimes which were punishable by death. Since then, the uses of the death penalty have prevailed throughout the ages in laws and justice systems of different civilizations. For instance, the Draconian Code of Athens punishes all crimes with the death penalty. During those times, the death penalty involved suffering a gruesome death such as being burnt alive, impaling, crucifixion and stoning (Death Penalty Information Center, 2011). In America, capital punishment was first implemented with the arrival of early European settlers as a form of punishment for various serious crimes. Although the scope of crime punishable by death penalty differs among the states, many states used to follow the British codes of conduct which declares 13 crimes to be punishable by the death penalty (Information Plus, 1995, â€Å"Capital punishment: cruel and unusual?†). Currently, death penalty has been abolished in many countries except for roughly 25 countries which carried out execution in year 2009 (antideathpealty.org, 2011). In America as of year 2011, the death penalty has been abolished in 4 states, leaving 34 other states still practicing it. However, the number of executions and death sentence has decreased tremendously over the years. (Dieter, 2011) With the European Union and the Human Right Watch pressing for the abolishment of death penalty, there is much disparity and debate among the citizens of the United States of America on whether the death penalty should be continued or abolished. For the advocates of the death penalty, they champion death ... ...://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/StruckByLightning.pdf> Information Plus, (1995), ‘Capital Punishment: Cruel And Unusual?’, in Braid, R.M. and Rosenbaum, S.E., Punishment And The Death Penalty, 1st edition, Prometheus Books, New York, pg.103-110. Morgan, E. (2011), ‘The Death Penalty Does Not Deliver Justice’, in Friedman, L.S., The Death Penalty, Thomson Gale, Farmington Hills, pg.52-63 Reiman, J.F. (1995), ‘Reiman: Answering Van Den Haag’, in Baird, R.M. and Rosenbaum, S.E., Punishment And The Death Penalty: The Current Debate, Prometheus Books, New York, pg. 175-205 Sheffer, S. (2006), ‘The Death Penalty is Unjust’ in Friedman, L.S., The Death Penalty, Thomson Gale, Farmington Hills, pg. 25-31. Trumbach, T. (2011), ‘The Death Penalty Does Not Violate Human Rights’ in Friedman, L.S., The Death Penalty, Thomson Gale, Farmington Hills, pg.79-83

The Time Is Ticking Away: an Analysis of “the Tell-Tale Heart”

The Time is Ticking Away: An Analysis of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† People in society today are no different from those of previous generations in that they have always possessed basic principles of fear, paranoia, and anxiety that have carried on, and are clearly evident throughout history. In the 18th century, Edgar Allen Poe, a major author of the time based one of his more famous works on those basic principles of fear, paranoia, and anxiety. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† takes a normal human being that anyone can relate to, and shows just how dark and corrupt the human mind can act under certain everyday circumstances.Poe reveals the process the human mind goes through when put under stress and the fear of being discovered, the reader is able to relate and put them self in the same position, Culminating with the narrator breaking down, afflicted by the basic principles, showing the reader just what the human mind is capable of doing. Poe starts his story with the narr ator talking to himself, justifying that he’s not insane, and that the story he’s about to tell you is completely rational. Much like you and I, the narrator lives a normal life with all the issues of stress and annoyances present.One annoyance the narrator has to deal with is the eye of the old man he lives with; the eye bothers him so much and slowly eats away at him, until eventually it causes him to take action. The narrator finally can’t take it anymore and stands outside the old mans room door waiting for several days for the perfect time to strike in order to rid his mind of the odious eye. Poe paints an image in our heads as we read this example in the text that the narrator is very meticulous. In order to show this throughout the story, Poe uses several literary devices.Often within the story, Poe uses a grouping of small sentences that create a rhythm like that of a heartbeat. â€Å"Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. H e had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this. † In Charles E. Mays article, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart: Overview,† he explains, To understand the ingenious way Poe develops this story about a split in the self, one must examine the nature of the narrator's obsession.He insists that he loves the old man, has no personal animosity toward him, does not want his money, and has not been injured by him. Instead, he says he wishes to kill the old man because of his eye. By showing that the narrator is so precise and over thinks just about everything, Poe unravels how the narrator is insane, but thinks of himself as a rational human being. Poe constantly alludes to a major ideal of the story, which is time. As the narrator becomes close to finally killing the old man and being discovered, time is constantly emphasized and very evident.At first, the narrator is cool, calm, and collective, but slowly a fter he has done the deed paranoia kicks in and a sense of false security and the fear of being revealed. Although there is no way to understand this kind of motivation except to declare the narrator mad, the reader must try to determine the method and meaning of the madness. For Poe, there is no such thing as meaningless madness in fiction. As the tension and anxiety pick up in the story, Poe asks us to put ourselves in that situation and feel the pressure and paranoia the narrator is going through due to his actions.The narrator struggles so much with what he has done and if he is going to be discovered, he hides the body of the old man so meticulously that no one should be able to find it and ever know what has taken place. As the narrators paranoia sets in that is one of the basic principle’s evident in every human being the narrator starts to question himself and whether or not he did a good enough job at hiding the body that he eventually breaks down. â€Å"They heard! — they suspected! — they KNEW! — they were making a mockery of my horror! — this I thought, and this I think. But anything was better than this agony!Anything was more tolerable than this derision! I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! — and now — again — hark! louder! louder! louder! LOUDER! — â€Å"Villains! † I shrieked, â€Å"dissemble no more! I admit the deed! — tear up the planks! — here, here! — it is the beating of his hideous heart† (Poe). Within each of us are the basic principles of fear, paranoia, and anxiety, Poe wanted to show us that by giving a prime example of someone just like you or I that you can relate to and witness the effects one goes through under each principle.Poe might have gained this dark outlook due to all the neglect he had from his family, and all the substance abuse he went through to try and cope with all his pr oblems and step away from reality. He wanted to show exactly what people are capable of and what they do under the affects of fear, anxiety, and paranoia in order to prove that being insane is really a matter of opinion based on personal experiences and events rather than a textbox example. Poe faced his own fear about madness daily throughout his life.At a very young age he was orphaned, and his foster parents rarely saw him. He was scared of change and rarely did anything that wasn’t second nature to him. Constantly plagued by stressful events in his life such as closely related deaths, Poe lived a very miserable depressing life that eventually attributed to his demise. In almost every piece he produced there is a character that can be related to him and the difficulties he has to go through. Even after Poe’s death his form of writing lives on along with his ideals, which we encounter and relate to on a daily basis.

Essay on Wwii World War Ii and Czech States

Essay on Wwii World War Ii and Czech States Essay on Wwii: World War Ii and Czech States WWIl Being the most destructive war in history, World War II was responsible for killing about 55 million men. The war made a difference in the way the world was scene. There were many causes for the war. These causes include the following; the end of World War I, appeasement policy, expansion of Japanese military and Hitler with his policies of expansionism. World War I caused massive destruction and the world became alert to another major war evolving. This led to the formation of the League of Nations and Britain’s appeasement policy. Then end of WWI was proclaimed with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty placed guilt and responsibility of World War I on Germany and included territorial clauses that ordered Germany to give up African Colonies and forayed annexation of German Austria. The treaty also ordered Germany to repay 226 billion for the damages caused by the war. This treaty was a major cause for WWII because it wasn’t harsh enough to prevent German y from becoming a world force again. This treaty also managed to upset all Germans. They saw it as unfair. ( pg 751- 752) The Appeasement policy was another cause of WWII. This policy was set in place by France and Britain. It allowed Nazi Germany to have anything it wanted in hopes that Hitler would be appeased and disregard his aggressive policies. Germany entered Rhineland under the Versailles treaty in 1936 and Hitler was forbidden not to. In 1938, German armies entered into Austria and annexed the country. Germany violated the treaty of Versailles in more than one way. Britain and France did not protest the violations in hopes that another war would not occur. Lastly, Hitler and his armies entered the Czech states to take Sudetenland back and France and Britain raised their objections. Hitler proceeded and implied that war was in the making. WWII would not have occurred if Hitler didn’t have chance to construct a great arm Lastly, Hitler and his armies entered the Czech states to take Sudetenland back and France and Britain raised their objections. Hitler proceeded and implied that war was in the making. WWII would not have occurred if Hitler didn’t have chance to construct a great army.(pg. 838-839 The major root cause of WWII was the expansion of Japanese militarism. The war in the pacific was not avoidable. The US and Japan didn’t agree on

English Essay Essay Example

English Essay Essay Example English Essay Essay English Essay Essay ?  ?  ?  ?   In the novel Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Holdenâ„ ¢s lifelong goal of being the catcher in the rye is a reasonable goal for him because he wants to protect all the children from a world which is full of phonies. Becoming the catcher in the rye will help him prevent kids from going down the wrong path and also help kids grow up in a safe and friendly environment. The Catcher in the Ryes job is to save children that fall off the cliff in the literal sense but metaphorically speaking he just wants to protect the innocent minds of the children and catch them from falling off the cliff and guard them from the world which is phony. ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?   One of the factors that often prevent Holden from achieving his goals is his anger and violent temper issues. After an unusual conversation with his big and strong roommate Stradlater he attacks him and tries to make his toothbrush go through his throat just because stradlater says he gives Jane the time and than ends up getting beat up. He gets angry and then violent for no reason whatsoever, he cannot control his actions once he gets angry even though he thinks he is protecting Jane. He cannot achieve his goal if he is going to be angry or violent just the slightest bit. ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?   Holden being?   kicked out of school for failing four of five classes is not an optimistic start to being the Catcher in the Rye because he will get nowhere in life without finishing his education. He then leaves the school early because he is lonely and is trying to avoid all the phonies that are in his school. The funny thing is he becomes a phony because he meets Ernieâ„ ¢s mother in the train and tells her his name is Rudolph Schmidt and then tells a whole bunch of stories about her son. He says that he despises phonies but at the same time says that he is a compulsive liar which is practically the same exact thing so heâ„ ¢s acting like a hypocrite. How can he protect children from the world of phonies and fakes if he himself is acting like what he is trying to protect ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?   ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  Holden has a very brief attention span; he cannot concentrate for a certain period of time without thinking of some other random nonsense. For example when his history teacher was giving him a serious talk about his schoolwork and future ,Holden stares off into space and wonders where ducks in a frozen pond would go once winter comes. He needs to try to focus more on one thing that heâ„ ¢s trying to achieve and not fool around and think about random junk that will get him nowhere in life. He gets so obsessed with knowing where the ducks go in the winter that he actually asks almost everyone he meets about them like his taxi driver. ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?   One of Holdenâ„ ¢s biggest problems is that he is always alone and gets lonely very easily and asks everyone he meets to have a drink with him. When he goes back to New York he calls up an old peer of his named Luce from his old school that use to give him sex talks to go have a drink with him and it becomes into a very interesting and awkward conversation. Holden is just lonely all the time and needs to make some new friends that have some things in common with him. He needs some friends to hang out with so then maybe he will stop worrying about all of the worldâ„ ¢s problems and enjoy being a kid. Then maybe from learning how to be a kid he can have an advantage in being the Catcher in the Rye and protecting the children from the worlds Phonies. ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?   Holden is only really comfortable talking to his siblings who are JD his older brother and Phoebe his younger sister. His younger brother Allie passed away from leukemia and all he talks about is the baseball mitt that he used to have and feel comfortable. On his journey towards being the Catcher in the Rye his first priority is his sister Phoebe which he speaks so highly of. He is always willing to doing anything for his sister and protecting her from fakes because she is so innocent. ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?   Holdenâ„ ¢s Hunting hat is a recurring motif throughout the whole book that symbolizes how he uses it for many different purposes. He buys it for during his trip to a fencing tournament which he and his team could not attend because Holden loses all the fencing equipment when he is suppose to be the team captain.?   After his fight with Stradlater he is all bloody and cut up, he then puts on his hunting hat which he thinks hides him from everyone and protects him from other people. He wears the hat backwards sometimes because he likes how it feels or it makes him feel unique. ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?   Holden does not really have a primary motivation in life, he never plans or even thinks about his future he is always just concerned about the present. If he was to have a goal it would be to be the Catcher in the Rye and undoubtingly it would take him a lot of hard work and dedication to reach that point in his life. He is always having mood swings and moping around?   being depressed and tired of living life. He needs to find a solution to his problem by searching for and making new companions or he will never achieve his goal of becoming The Catcher in the Rye.

Comparison between The Given Day and The Short Happy Life of Francis Essay

Comparison between The Given Day and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber - Essay Example The Theme of Masculinity Masculinity is the dominant theme in Hemingway’s short story. His works are always repleted with masculine pursuits like war, sports and hunting. In The short happy life of Francis Macomber, he also depicts a masculine setting in which all the characters are engaged in an African Safari. They are involved in lion hunting, controlling the buffalos and things like that. The protagonist has decided to be a part of Safari in mid-thirties and seems to have achieved his sense of manhood in this specific part of his life. â€Å"Wilson considers that Macomber has been reborn into manhood, for the latter’s transformation is more of a change than any loss of virginity. Fear gone like an operation† (Strychacz 14). Though the show of cowardice in lion-hunting episode temporarily snatches from him this sense of fulfillment but he regains this sense when he engages with the buffalo. â€Å"We seem on firmer interpretive ground with the assertion that i n the final scenes Macomber becomes a fully self-controlled and self-determined man† (Strychacz 16). The whole prologue of The Given Day also encompasses a masculine pursuit of baseball games in which the writer has imagined a baseball game between legends of America. Lack of Female Characters The prologue to the Given Day is devoid of any female characters and there is no specific mention of any feminine pursuit or activity. All that has been described belongs to the domain of man. On the other hand, Hemingway’s story presents Margot, â€Å"an extremely handsome and well-kept woman of the beauty† giving the story at least a feminine touch but the overall setting and the situation diminishes her womanhood and we find her engaged in masculine pursuits along with her husband ( Hemingway 2). Minute Detail Both the works beautifully describe the characters and setting and the writers give minute details of the incident that happen during the course of the story. Hemi ngway’s description of the hunting episodes show that the writer is giving a realistic account of the event and is well acquainted with the rules of the â€Å"game†. The minuteness is visible even in the description of characters. Wilson’s character has been described as a man who â€Å" was about middle height with sandy hair, a stubby mustache, a very red face and extremely cold blue eyes with faint white wrinkles at the corners that grooved merrily when he smiled† ( Hemingway 2). Similarly, Lehane’s immaculate detail of the baseball hint towards writer’s minute observation of the sport. Following is the fine example of his descriptive style† The ball hadn’t finished arcing toward the right fielder’s feet (Ruth knew he’d miss it before he did) and the whippet was already rounding first. When the ball hit the grass, the right fielder bare-handed it and didn’t so much as stutter step before planned and let h er loose† ( Lehane 11). Game in Both of the Works Game is the key word in both of the pieces, though the connotations are different in both of the stories. In Hemingway’s story game takes the form of hunting and acts as a unifying force between the otherwise conflicting interests. Similar the unifying force in the Lehane’s prologue is the game of baseball which brings together the people who are involved in emotional